BASIC ENHANCED OIL
RECOVERY : SCREENING CRITERIA AND SELECTION OF MOST APPROPRIATE EOR METHOD
EOR
(Enhanced Oil Recovery) refers to the recovery of oil that is left behind after
primary and secondary recovery methods are either exhausted or no longer economical.
Primary production is the first oil out. In Primary Recovery, oil is
forced out by pressure generated from gas present in the oil. Secondary
recovery methods are used when there is insufficient underground pressure to
move the remaining oil. The most common technique is water flooding.
EOR
(Enhanced Oil Recovery) is an oil recovery enhancement method using
sophisticated techniques that alter the original properties of oil. In other
words, EOR (Enhanced Oil Recovery) is a generic term for techniques for
increasing the amount of crude oil that can be extracted from an oil field. By
using EOR, 30-60%, or more, of the reservoir's original oil can be extracted
compared with 20-40% using primary and secondary recovery.
EOR
(Enhanced Oil Recovery) is also known as improved
oil recovery (IOR) or tertiary recovery (as opposed to primary and
secondary recovery). There are three major types of enhanced oil recovery
operations. They are chemical flooding (alkaline – surfactant – polymer (ASP) flooding
or surfactant – polymer (SP) flooding or polymer flooding), miscible displacement (carbon dioxide [CO2]
injection or hydrocarbon injection),
and thermal recovery (steam flooding or in-situ combustion).
Over the years, a number of other innovative EOR (Enhanced Oil Recovery)
processes have been conceived, including injection of carbonated water,
microorganisms, foams, alkaline (without surfactant), and other formulations.
A
re-emerging EOR approach, microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR), is the use of
microorganisms to generate chemicals (surfactants, polymers, etc.). MEOR relies
either on injecting bacteria strands together with nutrients or on injecting
nutrients to stimulate growth of bacteria naturally present in the formation.
The specific surfactant- and polymer-generation process depends strongly on the
type of microorganism and rock and fluid properties.
Each type
of EOR (Enhanced Oil Recovery) can be optimally applied, depending on reservoir
temperature, pressure, depth, netpay, permeability, residual oil and
water saturations, porosity and
fluid properties such as oil API gravity
and viscosity.
Outline :
1.
Introduction
to EOR methods
2. Factors affecting oil recovery
3. Reservoir life cycle and recovery
process
4. Enhanced versus improved oil recovery
5. Life under primary recovery phase:
Recovery targets and ways to improve
6. Comparative performance of different
EOR methods (miscible, thermal, chemical)
7. Life under secondary recovery phases:
Immiscible gas injection, waterflooding, recovery targets, ways to improve
8. Life under enhanced oil recovery
phase: Increasing complexity, cost/benefit consideration
9. Miscible methods: Selection criteria,
recovery targets and why they are seldom met; design considerations
10. Chemical methods: Selection criteria,
recovery targets and why they are seldom met, design considerations
11. Thermal methods: Selection criteria,
recovery targets and why they are seldom met, design considerations
12. Screening criteria and selection of
most appropriate EOR method
Participants :
This course may interest
new recruits as Engineers,
geoscientists, management personnel or other technical personnel with some experience in reservoir
engineering. Benefits individuals who are responsible for the design,
implementation, and management of EOR projects. Also beneficial for other
technical personnel involved in numerical simulation studies, screening, and
planning of EOR applications.
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